Menstruation is the flow of blood and other dead cells from the uterus through vagina once a month in the female. Menstruation occurs in female every month throughout the child bearing period starting from age of menarche to menopause .
The menstrual cycle consists of change in ovary and uterus. The menstruation last about 4 to 5 days during the period, the surface epithelium is striped off the lining of the uterus and bleeding occur es. The average length of this cycle is about 28 days. However, it ranges from 26 to 35 days because this period is varies according to diet, environment, climate, malnutrition etc.
There are, generally, there phases menstrual cycle.
(i) Proliferative phase
(ii) Secretory phase
(iii) Menstrual phase
1. Proliferative Phase
This phase last about 14 days, starting from the first day of menstruation of the day of ovulation. Generally ovulation occurs 14th day of menstruation. So this phase involves 14 days.
During the period, the interior pituitary gland release Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH). FSH stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary. The cells follicles secretes oestrogen hormone which stimulates the uterine epithelium to proliferate.
When the oestrogen in the blood reaches a certain concentration, it also acts on the pituitary glands to shut down FSH production and the pituitary glands now release Luteinizing Hormone(LH) to the circulation. In combination with residual, FSH it results in ovulation.
2. Secretary Phase
This phase prepares the endometrium for pregnancy and implantation. During this phase, LH stimulates lining cells of the ovarian follicle to produce progesterone. The progesterone influences the endometrium to secrete watery mucus which helps to thickness the . This phase lasts about 10 days.
3.The Menstrual Preparation Phase
If pregnancy does not relation, it is followed by menstruation and so, it is also called premensmtruation phase.
During this phase, due to high level of oestrogen and progesterone in the blood, they restrain the activity of the pituitary glands. Production of ovulation hormones then drops. As a result, the surface epithelium break down the lining of the uterus and discharge of blood along with some mucus through the vaginal orifice. This is called menstruation.
The menstrual cycle consists of change in ovary and uterus. The menstruation last about 4 to 5 days during the period, the surface epithelium is striped off the lining of the uterus and bleeding occur es. The average length of this cycle is about 28 days. However, it ranges from 26 to 35 days because this period is varies according to diet, environment, climate, malnutrition etc.
There are, generally, there phases menstrual cycle.
(i) Proliferative phase
(ii) Secretory phase
(iii) Menstrual phase
1. Proliferative Phase
This phase last about 14 days, starting from the first day of menstruation of the day of ovulation. Generally ovulation occurs 14th day of menstruation. So this phase involves 14 days.
During the period, the interior pituitary gland release Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH). FSH stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary. The cells follicles secretes oestrogen hormone which stimulates the uterine epithelium to proliferate.
When the oestrogen in the blood reaches a certain concentration, it also acts on the pituitary glands to shut down FSH production and the pituitary glands now release Luteinizing Hormone(LH) to the circulation. In combination with residual, FSH it results in ovulation.
2. Secretary Phase
This phase prepares the endometrium for pregnancy and implantation. During this phase, LH stimulates lining cells of the ovarian follicle to produce progesterone. The progesterone influences the endometrium to secrete watery mucus which helps to thickness the . This phase lasts about 10 days.
3.The Menstrual Preparation Phase
If pregnancy does not relation, it is followed by menstruation and so, it is also called premensmtruation phase.
During this phase, due to high level of oestrogen and progesterone in the blood, they restrain the activity of the pituitary glands. Production of ovulation hormones then drops. As a result, the surface epithelium break down the lining of the uterus and discharge of blood along with some mucus through the vaginal orifice. This is called menstruation.
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